Roman numeral format to decimal.

Given a number in Roman numeral format, convert it to decimal. The values of Roman numerals are as follows: { ‘M’: 1000, ‘D’: 500, ‘C’: 100, ‘L’: 50, ‘X’: 10, ‘V’: 5, ‘I’: 1 } In addition, note that the Roman numeral system uses subtractive notation for numbers such as IV and XL. For the input XIV, for instance, you should return 14.

To convert a Roman numeral to its decimal representation, you can follow the following steps:

1. Create a dictionary that maps each Roman numeral character to its corresponding decimal value.
2. Initialize a variable called result with the value of 0. This variable will hold the decimal representation of the Roman numeral.
3. Iterate through the Roman numeral characters from left to right.
4. For each character, check if the current character represents a smaller value than the next character. If true, it indicates that the current character should be subtracted from the next character to form a valid subtractive notation.
5. If subtractive notation is present, subtract the value of the current character from the result variable.
6. If subtractive notation is not present, add the value of the current character to the result variable.
7. Finally, return the result variable.

Here’s the Java code that implements this algorithm:

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class RomanToDecimal {
    public static int romanToDecimal(String romanNumeral) {
        Map<Character, Integer> romanToDecimalMap = new HashMap<>();
        romanToDecimalMap.put('M', 1000);
        romanToDecimalMap.put('D', 500);
        romanToDecimalMap.put('C', 100);
        romanToDecimalMap.put('L', 50);
        romanToDecimalMap.put('X', 10);
        romanToDecimalMap.put('V', 5);
        romanToDecimalMap.put('I', 1);

        int result = 0;
        int n = romanNumeral.length();

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            int currentNumeralValue = romanToDecimalMap.get(romanNumeral.charAt(i));

            if (i < n - 1 && currentNumeralValue < romanToDecimalMap.get(romanNumeral.charAt(i + 1))) {
                result -= currentNumeralValue;
            } else {
                result += currentNumeralValue;
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String romanNumeral = "XIV";
        int result = romanToDecimal(romanNumeral);
        System.out.println(result);  // Output: 14
    }
}

And here’s the JavaScript code:

function romanToDecimal(romanNumeral) {
  const romanToDecimalMap = {
    M: 1000,
    D: 500,
    C: 100,
    L: 50,
    X: 10,
    V: 5,
    I: 1,
  };

  let result = 0;
  const n = romanNumeral.length;

  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    const currentNumeralValue = romanToDecimalMap[romanNumeral.charAt(i)];

    if (i < n - 1 && currentNumeralValue < romanToDecimalMap[romanNumeral.charAt(i + 1)]) {
      result -= currentNumeralValue;
    } else {
      result += currentNumeralValue;
    }
  }

  return result;
}

const romanNumeral = "XIV";
const result = romanToDecimal(romanNumeral);
console.log(result);  // Output: 14