What are python name spaces?

In Python, a namespace is a container that holds a set of names (identifiers) and their corresponding objects. It serves as a mapping between names and objects, allowing you to organize and manage the scope of variables, functions, classes, and other identifiers in your code. Namespaces help avoid naming conflicts and provide a way to access and reference objects in a structured manner.

There are several types of namespaces in Python:

1. Local Namespace (Local Scope):
   The local namespace refers to the set of names defined within a function or method. It is created when the function is called and is destroyed when the function exits.
   Example:

def my_function():
    local_variable = 10
    print(local_variable)

my_function()
# The local_variable is part of the local namespace of my_function

2. Enclosing Namespace (Enclosing Scope):
The enclosing namespace refers to the set of names in the outer function (if any) when a function is defined inside another function (nested functions).
Example:

def outer_function():
    outer_variable = 20

    def inner_function():
        print(outer_variable)

    inner_function()

3. Global Namespace (Global Scope):
The global namespace refers to the set of names defined at the top level of a module or script. These names are accessible throughout the entire module.
Example:

global_variable = 30

def my_function():
    print(global_variable)

my_function()

4. Built-in Namespace:
The built-in namespace contains the names of Python built-in functions and types. These names are always available without the need for an import statement.
Example:

print(len([1, 2, 3]))  # 'len' is a built-in function

Namespaces help in organizing code, avoiding naming conflicts, and providing a clear structure for variable and function scopes. Understanding how Python namespaces work is essential for writing maintainable and readable code.